Mantle plumes and the metamorphism of the lower crust and their influence on basin evolution     

Heinz-Jürgen Brink 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Since the stretching model appears to be not applicable to the subsidence of accretionary crust, basins located on this crust type may have an alternative origin. Examples of such basins are the West Siberia Basin and the North German Basin. Both basins showed intensive volcanism and magmatism during the initial phase of their development. Remarkably, the West Siberia Basin is closely located to the (hotspot related) Siberian flood basalts with a similar Permo-Triassic age, and the location of the North German Basin in Permian times is identical with the present day position of the Tibesti hotspot in Northern Africa. These two basins may have specific relations to hotspot heat sources of the Earth's underlying mantle. Due to these heat sources, thermal metamorphism within the lower layers of the (accretionary) crust may occur, resulting in rock density increase and subsequent shrinkage of the affected rock volumes. These shrinkage processes will lead to the development of topographic lows, their filling with sediments, and the subsequent start of an exponentially declining isostatic/metamorphic basin subsidence. In addition to the analyses of metamorphic processes, potential field anomalies, temperature fields, and histories of subsidence have been integrated into one single model that can explain the development of the North German Basin. Similarly, the East African Rift and Eifel Hotspots affected parts of the overriding continental plates. The East African Rift Hotspot can be traced back to the Afar flood basalts and the Dniepr–Donets Basin, whereas the Eifel Hotspot can be linked to the North Sea Basin. Continental drift templates, present day hotspot locations, flood basalt areas, metamorphic facies as function of temperature, and crust categories are taken as published in recent literature.  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Cape and Karoo basins of South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anthony Tankard  Herman Welsink  Peter Aukes  Robert Newton  Edgar Stettler 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1379-1412

The Cape and Karoo basins formed within the continental interior of Gondwana. Subsidence resulted from the vertical motion of rigid basement blocks and intervening crustal faults. Each basin episode records a three-stage evolution consisting of crustal uplift, fault-controlled subsidence, and long periods of regional subsidence largely unaccompanied by faulting or erosional truncation. The large-scale episodes of subsidence were probably the result of lithospheric deflection due to subduction-driven mantle flow. The early Paleozoic Cape basin records the combined effects of a north-dipping intra-crustal décollement (a late Neoproterozoic suture) and a right-stepping offset between thick Rio de la Plata craton and Namaqua basement. Following the Saldanian orogeny, a suite of small rift basins and their post-rift drape formed at this releasing stepover. Great thicknesses of quartz sandstone (Ordovician–Silurian) and mudstone (Devonian) accumulation are attributed to subsidence by rheological weakening and mantle flow. In contrast, the Karoo basin is a cratonic cover that mimics the underlying basement blocks. The Permian Ecca and lower Beaufort groups were deposited in a southward-deepening ramp syncline by extensional decoupling on the intra-crustal décollement. Reflection seismic and deep-burial diagenetic studies indicate that the Cape orogeny started in the Early Triassic. Deformation was partitioned into basement-involved strike-slip faults and thin-skinned thrusting. Uplift of the Namaqua basement resulted in erosion of the Beaufort cover. East of the Cape fold belt, contemporaneous subsidence and tilting of the Natal basement created a late Karoo transtensional foreland basin, the Stormberg depocentre. Early Jurassic tectonic resetting and continental flood basalts terminated the Karoo basin.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感识别研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡畔  田庆久  闫柏琨 《国土资源遥感》2009,(2):54-61

高光谱遥感识别烃蚀变矿物可用于探测油气烃类微渗漏和定位地下油气藏.以有天然气分布的柴达木盆地东部三湖地区为研究区,对Hyperion高光谱数据进行重采样处理,克服了目标识别矿物不明显和传感器低信噪比的影响.通过确定烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感探测的指示标志,采用线性光谱(SAM)拟合与光谱匹配(SAM)相结合的方法确定了影像端元对应的矿物组分.识别结果表明,合理缩减影像波段数和确定影像端元的方法,能有效提高烃蚀变矿物的高光谱遥感识别精度.  相似文献   

恩施渔塘坝富硒碳质岩中硒的赋存状态   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

朱建明  李社红  左维  I.Sykorova  苏宏灿  郑宝山  J.Pesek 《地球化学》2004,33(6):634-640

在渔塘坝富硒碳质岩中发现了自然硒及其系列硒矿物的组合.这些硒矿物有自然硒、方硒铜矿、硒铜蓝、水硒铁石、硒银矿、含硒黄铁矿、含硒黄铜矿和难以确定名称的Fe-Se矿物.其中自然硒、方硒铜矿和硒铜蓝的矿物组合主要分布在断层面附近的碳质硅质岩中,自然硒与方硒铜矿的矿物组合主要分布在高碳质泥岩中,水硒铁石及未确定的Fe-Se矿物主要赋存于露头处的富硒碳质岩中.硒矿物中除自然硒较普遍地存在外,其他矿物并不是均匀地分布于富硒碳质岩中,而是局部性地出现.Cu-Se矿物的大量发育表明铜可能在硒的表生迁移转化中起着某种重要的作用.  相似文献   

月球表面主要矿物反射光谱特性研究   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5  

薛彬  杨建峰  赵葆常 《地球物理学进展》2004,19(3):717-720

分析了矿物在可见光及近红外区光谱生成的机理,介绍了月球表面最为主要的四种矿物——辉石、斜长石、橄榄石、钛铁矿,并分析了它们各自光谱特征及生成原因,讨论了造成同种矿物光谱差异的原因,给出了它们各自的标志性特征。  相似文献   

Indirect estimation of the clay content of clay-rocks using acoustic measurements: New insights from the Montiers-sur-Saulx deep borehole (Meuse,France)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

This work benefited from a comprehensive set of logging and mineralogical data that was acquired from the 2-km-deep EST433 borehole of Montiers-sur-Saulx (Meuse, France). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on three sets of data: (a) sonic data (P- and S-wave velocities), (b) total combinable magnetic resonance (TCMR) porosity data, and (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The analysis was performed to estimate the clay content in the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone and other clay-rocks of the stratigraphic column. The inferred statistical relationships were compared to results obtained from a conventional spectral gamma ray (GR) approach.The results indicate that simple linear regressions using only elastic wave velocities (a) accounted for more than 81% of the vertical variability of the clay content in the COx formation (i.e., coefficient regression R² values greater than 81%) and (b) enable the estimation of clay content with the same accuracy as the spectral GR approach. Both approaches, our acoustic regressions and spectral GR methodology, provide estimate errors that are within the range of uncertainties associated with the XRD analysis applied. Moreover, using the whole set of XRD data showed that the elastic wave velocities and the TCMR porosity as explanatory variables are better predictors of total clay content than swelling clay mineral content.Blind estimations of clay content were performed using data acquired in clay-rocks from the same stratigraphic column and in the COx formation located a few kilometers distant in the EST423 borehole. The results demonstrated that the established regressions must be used with caution when vertically and horizontally extrapolating the estimated clay content. This difficulty is partly explained by the influence of the microstructure of the studied clay-rocks, which was insufficiently taken into account via the petrophysical variables considered in this work.  相似文献   

南黄海北部B03孔沉积物的重矿物特征及物源指示意义     

赵利  赵广涛  何雨旸  徐翠玲  祁奇  龙晓军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(9):72-81

本文对取自南黄海北部的B03孔岩芯(330cm)沉积物进行了粒度和重矿物特征分析,并运用电子探针技术,分析了其典型层位角闪石的矿物化学特征。研究表明,B03孔柱状样为均一连续的粉砂质沉积,重矿物含量较低(平均仅0.65%),主要为云母类和闪石类矿物,岩芯以85cm处为界分为上、下2个沉积层,其重矿物组合分别为普通角闪石-云母类矿物-绿帘石和云母类矿物-普通角闪石-绿帘石。角闪石的EPMA分析显示其种属主要为镁角闪石,其次为镁钙闪石、铁镁钙闪石及阳起石,成因以中酸性侵入岩与中高级变质岩为主,上下沉积层角闪石特征元素Mg/Fe2+比值分别为2.03、1.90。综合分析认为,岩芯的主要物源为黄河源物质及山东半岛陆架基岩剥蚀产物的混源,上下沉积层的矿物特征差异暗示了沉积物源发生了变化,其分界线可能代表了黄河1855年改道事件在山东半岛东部陆架的区域响应。  相似文献   

北冰洋西部表层沉积物矿物学特征及其物质来源          下载免费PDF全文

董林森  石学法  刘焱光  方习生  陈志华  王春娟  邹建军  黄元辉 《极地研究》2014,26(1):58-70

对北冰洋西部79个表层沉积物样品进行了全岩X射线衍射矿物组成分析,结合洋流和地质背景,探讨各矿物分区的物质来源。矿物组合分区表明研究区物质来源变化较为复杂:(1)在楚科奇海的中部靠近白令海峡处长石含量很高,主要是阿纳德尔流携带的来自阿纳德尔河的沉积物;在楚科奇海的西侧的长石含量也较高,且与其他矿物组合分区相比,角闪石含量较高,这是因为受阿纳德尔流和东西伯利亚沿岸流的双重影响,沉积物来自西伯利亚陆地的一些高含长石的火山岩及沉积岩等。在楚科奇海的东侧,石英含量很高,来源为阿拉斯加沿岸流携带的育空河及卡斯奎姆河的沉积物。在阿拉斯加北部,碳酸盐岩和石英含量高,这与马更些河搬运的沉积物有关;(2)北冰洋西部深水区中加拿大海盆的南端和中部方解石和白云石的含量较低,说明受波弗特环流携带的加拿大北极群岛的碳酸盐影响相对较小,且与其他矿物组合分区相比,云母含量最高,说明沉积物主要来源为来自拉普捷夫海的海冰沉积物;此外,一些黏土级细粒物质可能由大西洋中层水携带而来。深水区的其他海域以方解石和白云石含量高为特点,主要受波弗特环流的影响,来源主要为加拿大北极群岛的班克斯岛和维多利亚岛;此外,还受来自西伯利亚陆架,主要是拉普捷夫海沉积物的影响。  相似文献   

面向地质应用的天宫一号成像光谱数据评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林健  闫柏琨  董新丰  杨苏明  杨日红  崔静  郭鼎  王润生 《遥感学报》2014,18(Z1):74-83

天宫一号高光谱数据是继美国Hyperion之后,另一种可应用于地质领域的成像光谱数据.面向地质应用特点与需求,针对反射率产品开展全面、定量的数据质量评价对于深化应用研究具有重要意义.但是,由于航天成像光谱数据与地面实测波谱空间尺度差异甚大,在荒漠戈壁区选取自然地物进行波谱测试,并对其开展评价,特别是定量评价,非常困难.本文以航空HyMap数据为传递,完成了天宫一号成像光谱数据质量的定量评价.结果表明,在矿物识别采用的主要短波红外谱段,天宫一号高光谱数据的信噪比明显优于Hyperion数据.采用2190—2230 nm、2310—2355 nm两个谱段的吸收深度初步对天宫一号高光谱短波红外数据真实性进行了评价,经过校正后,天宫一号数据Al-OH、Mg-OH/CO₃^2-矿物大类或组合的漏提率从71%、67%减小至29%、28%,可有效提高弱信息的检出率.  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田代表性矿区矽卡岩矿物的组成及其意义研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

安芳  王居里  朱永峰  Eleonora Seitmuratova 《矿床地质》2014,33(3):521-540

哈萨克斯坦萨亚克铜矿田产于晚石炭世闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩或花岗闪长玢岩与中石炭统灰岩的接触带上,铜矿体呈透镜状、脉状产于矽卡岩中。其成矿期可以划分为4个阶段：石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）、绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩阶段（Ⅱ）、磁铁矿阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）。铜矿化主要发生在石英-硫化物阶段,形成石英、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿,呈浸染状或脉状产于不同类型的矽卡岩或块状磁铁矿中。矽卡岩中的石榴子石有3种类型：石榴子石矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石（Grt-a）、交代钙铁榴石的含Al钙铁榴石（Grt-b）和绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中具有环带结构的石榴子石（Grt-c）。从第一类到第三类石榴子石,平均w（Al₂O₃）从<1%逐渐升高至~5%;分子式中平均Fe³⁺原子数从2.15逐渐降低至1.57,显示成矿体系中Al的摩尔浓度逐渐升高、氧逸度逐渐降低。绿帘石-石榴子石矽卡岩中发育少量辉石,属于钙铁辉石-透辉石系列,在辉石分类图中落于普通辉石范围内。矽卡岩的地质特征、矿物组合和矿物化学特征表明,萨亚克矽卡岩是与花岗岩类侵入岩有关的岩浆热液与灰岩通过接触交代反应形成的钙质矽卡岩,随着矽卡岩化和成矿作用的进行,成矿体系的温度和氧逸度逐渐降低、pH值升高,导致磁铁矿和黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿矿物组合依次发生沉淀。  相似文献